Moscow and Moscow Region
Moscow is the capital of Russia and one of the world main cultural centers. Various kinds of interesting excursions are offered here, Historical and architectural monuments, museums and theatres give unforgettable impressions to tourists. Moscow is more that 850 years old. It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. The city was founded by the Russian prince Yuri Dolgoruki. The favourable geographical position at the crossing of important trade roads contributed to the fast development and growth of the city. Moscow had been the political and religious capital of Russia from the 15th till the 18th century. In 1918 it became the capital of USSR. Since 1991 the city has been the capital of the Russian Federation.
Kremlin and the Red Square
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The Kremlin and the Red Square are the best start ot explore Moscow sights. The Kremlin at the centre of Moscow is the outstanding historical and architectural that serves as a symbol for the whole Russia. It is the residency of the Russian President. The architectural complex of the Kremlin includes such outstanding monuments as Uspenskiy (Assumption) Cathedral, Ivan the Great Bell Tower, Granovitaya (Faceted) Chamber and Armory Museum. Having visited Kremlin one can see the biggest cannon (Tsar Cannon) and the biggest bell (Tsar Bell) in the world. The Kremlin had been reconstructed for several times. The present red brick towers and walls were erected at the end of the 15th century.
The Red Square which is the most important place in Moscow is situated near the Kremlin. Russian Tsars and Patriarchies used to talk with the people there.
Later the Red Square became the place of military parades and celebrations. One of the greatest masterpieces of Russian architecture constructed in the middle of the 16th century is the majestic Blessed Basil's Cathedral that rises above the Red Square. It is recognized as a monument of architecture of the global value.
The architectural shape of Moscow has been formed in course of different epochs. Moscow has been the largest centre of the Russian Orthodoxy for centuries. Many ancient churches and monasteries were remained up to now. The temple of the Christ the Savior Cathedral in Moscow has unusual history. This monumental Cathedral was orginally erected in the end of the 19th century. In 1931 the Cathedral was blown up. It took 6 years in the end of the 20th century to restore it completely. Great number of churches and orthodox monasteries are located in Moscow. Novodevitchiy Monastery is the most admirable of them. Unique flavor is given to the city with the architectural complexes of the tsar's and noble families manors of the 16th- 18th centuries. The Church of Ascension in a musem-preserve Kolomenskoye is included into List of the World's Cultural Heritage of UNESCO.
Architectural shape of Moscow is strongly affected with <<Stalin high-risers>> -- the huge houses constructed in the middle of the 20th century by the order of Stalin. Moscow State University on Vorobievy Gory is the most known of them. Moscow metro stations <<Kropotkinskaya>>, <<Mayakovskaya>>, <<Krasnye Vorota>> are also recognized as the architectural monuments of that epoch. Several tens of theatres and museums are built in Moscow. Bolshoy Theatre is one of the most celebrated theatres in the world. Other popular Moscow theatres are: <<Lenkom>>, <<Sovremennik>> (<<Contemporary>>), Moscow Art Theatre Named After A. Chekhov. Actors of the world famous Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Bulvar have carefully kept Russian circus traditions.
Russian circus is recognised as one of the best in the world. Tretyakov Gallery is the largest and the most popular art museum of Moscow. It is well-known with its huge collection os Russian fine arts, icons and sculptures. It includes some unique icons of the 15th century and unique masterpieces of Russian avantgardists Malevitch, Kandinskiy and Rodchenko. Pushkin Museum of Art is rich in collection of foreign art masterpieces. Moscow has the status of the world-famous cultural centre due to the abundance of the important cultural events held there. Great international festivals and exhibitions take place at the museums and art centers of the city.
Moscow suburbs and nearby region of Central Russia are high in cultural monuments. Having visited small old towns with their historical monuments, situated near Moscow manors and monasteries you will discover much interesting about Russian cultural heritage.
Many princely estates of the 18th -19th centuries were kept in Moscow suburbs. The most remarkable old homesteads of Moscow Regions are Arkhangelskoe and Abramtsevo. Princely manor of Arkhangelskoe is located on a high hill aove the Moskva River. Big palace is surrounded by the park with memorial columns, pavilions, church of Archangel Michael, colonnade and theatre with ancient scenery of Italian artist Gonzag. At present, exhibitions, concerts and musical festivals are held in Arkhangelskoe. In the 19th-20th centuries Princely Manor of Abramtsevo was the place for meetings of intelligentsia. Wroks by famous Rusian painters Vasnetsov, Vrubel and Polenov have been preserved.
Having visited small old towns of Moscow Region -- Serpukhov, Kolomna and others -- you will be imbued with the spirit of Russian history. The town of Serpukhov on a picturesque high bank of the Oka River is beautified with architectural complexes of monasteries, churches and fragments of the white stone Kremlin.
Moscow University
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Russian circus is recognised as one of the best in the world. Tretyakov Gallery is the largest and the most popular art museum of Moscow. It is well-known with its huge collection os Russian fine arts, icons and sculptures. It includes some unique icons of the 15th century and unique masterpieces of Russian avantgardists Malevitch, Kandinskiy and Rodchenko. Pushkin Museum of Art is rich in collection of foreign art masterpieces. Moscow has the status of the world-famous cultural centre due to the abundance of the important cultural events held there. Great international festivals and exhibitions take place at the museums and art centers of the city.
Moscow suburbs
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Many princely estates of the 18th -19th centuries were kept in Moscow suburbs. The most remarkable old homesteads of Moscow Regions are Arkhangelskoe and Abramtsevo. Princely manor of Arkhangelskoe is located on a high hill aove the Moskva River. Big palace is surrounded by the park with memorial columns, pavilions, church of Archangel Michael, colonnade and theatre with ancient scenery of Italian artist Gonzag. At present, exhibitions, concerts and musical festivals are held in Arkhangelskoe. In the 19th-20th centuries Princely Manor of Abramtsevo was the place for meetings of intelligentsia. Wroks by famous Rusian painters Vasnetsov, Vrubel and Polenov have been preserved.
Old towns of Moscow
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Novoierusalimiskiy Monastery located to northwest from Moscow was built in the 17th century. It was the time when patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church, Nikon, decided to recreate the Holy Land near Moscow in resemblance of Jerusalem. Today a functioning monastery and a museum are placed here. Many places of Central Russia are inextricably related with the history of Russian literature.
Yasnaya Poliana Museum
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The museum -- estate of Leo Tolstoy in a small town called Yasnaya Poliana in Tula Region (200 kilometers to the south from Moscow) is a major centre of cultural tourism. Great Russian writer was born here, lived and created the world famous novels <<War and Peace>> and <<Anna Karenina>>.
Cultural festivals, international meetings of writers and Leo Tolstoy heritage study workshops are held in Yasnaya Poliana.
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